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Science News: Hints of dark matter reported, again

Science News quotes SMU physicist Dr. Jodi Cooley in its Sept. 12 report “Hints of dark matter reported, again.”

The online story notes that two of the world’s particle detectors differ on whether dark matter has been spotted. Science journalist Devin Powell asked Cooley, assistant professor of experimental particle physics in SMU’s Physics Department, to weigh in on the matter.

Cooley is part of the international collaboration of scientists that is hunting for dark matter on the CDMS II experiment in Minnesota’s Soudan mine.

Read the full story.

EXCERPT:

By Devin Powell
Science News

In the war of the WIMPs, a new combatant has joined the fray. The CRESST-II experiment has seen hints of the weakly interacting massive particles, a leading candidate for the hidden dark matter thought to account for most of the universe’s matter.

The new results, reported September 6 at the International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics in Munich, add controversy to an already contentious field that is divided into two camps: those that have seen signs of the particles and those that haven’t.

“It’s another small victory for those arguing that this is dark matter, but it’s not going to decisively determine anything,” says theorist Dan Hooper of the University of Chicago and the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill. “We still haven’t seen a smoking gun.”

To further complicate the picture, though, these two experiments must be reconciled with results from the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Its sodium iodide detector in Gran Sasso has found evidence for WIMPs that suggests slightly different properties for the particles than what’s been hinted at in the more recent work.

“I don’t think we know for sure exactly what is going on,” says Jodi Cooley, a particle physicist at Southern Methodist University in Dallas. “Based on the understanding we have of dark matter and how it behaves, I’m not sure how much agreement I would say that these experiments have.”

Cooley works on the CDMS II experiment in Minnesota’s Soudan mine, one of two detectors that have seen no signs of dark matter or its purported particles at all. XENON100, which searches for dark matter using a tank of noble gas in Gran Sasso, has ruled out all of the WIMPs proposed by CRESST-II and its compatriots.

Read the full story.

Cooley also was quoted in a story by Physicsworld.com, “CRESST uncovers hint of dark matter,” published online Sept. 8.

EXCERPT:

… The question is whether the signal from CRESST, which points to a relatively light WIMP, can be reconciled with results from other direct-detection experiments. DAMA and CoGeNT have both recorded positive signals, but not for WIMPs with the same range of properties. Worse, the CRESST signal suggests a WIMP with properties that had previously been ruled-out by experiments such as XENON and CDMS, the latter of which is based at the Soudan mine.

“It is clear that it is difficult to reconcile the results from CDMS, XENON, CRESST and other dark-matter experiments with a single, simple dark-matter interpretation,” says Jodi Cooley, a physicist at the Southern Methodist University in Texas, US, who works on the CDMS experiment. “So, that leaves one of two possibilities. Either dark matter is behaving in a very strange way that we do not understand, or the backgrounds in the CRESST experiment are not well enough understood. To me, these results underline the need to have experiments that are capable of operating a mode where background subtraction is not necessary.”

Not everyone agrees. The properties of a detected WIMP are estimates, liable to change with varying assumptions about the equipment used. This leads some physicists to believe that the positive results can be reconciled.

Read the full story.

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2010 a year of advances for SMU scientific researchers at the vanguard of those helping civilization

From picking apart atomic particles at Switzerland’s CERN, to unraveling the mysterious past, to delving into the human psyche, SMU researchers are in the vanguard of those helping civilization understand more and live better.

With both public and private funding — and the assistance of their students — they are tackling such scientific and social problems as brain diseases, immigration, diabetes, evolution, volcanoes, panic disorders, childhood obesity, cancer, radiation, nuclear test monitoring, dark matter, the effects of drilling in the Barnett Shale, and the architecture of the universe.

The sun never sets on SMU research
Besides working in campus labs and within the Dallas-area community, SMU scientists conduct research throughout the world, including at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, and in Angola, the Canary Islands, Mongolia, Kenya, Italy, China, the Congo Basin, Ethiopia, Mexico, the Northern Mariana Islands and South Korea.

“Research at SMU is exciting and expanding,” says Associate Vice President for Research and Dean of Graduate Studies James E. Quick, a professor in the Huffington Department of Earth Sciences. “Our projects cover a wide range of problems in basic and applied research, from the search for the Higgs particle at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN to the search for new approaches to treat serious diseases. The University looks forward to creating increasing opportunities for undergraduates to become involved as research expands at SMU.”

Funding from public and private sources
In 2009-10, SMU received $25.6 million in external funding for research, up from $16.5 million the previous year.

“Research is a business that cannot be grown without investment,” Quick says. “Funding that builds the research enterprise is an investment that will go on giving by enabling the University to attract more federal grants in future years.”

The funding came from public and private sources, including the National Science Foundation; the National Institutes of Health; the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Defense, Education and Energy; the U.S. Geological Survey; Google.org; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Texas’ own Hogg Foundation for Mental Health; and the Texas Instruments Foundation.

Worldwide, the news media are covering SMU research. See some of the coverage. Browse a sample of the research:

CERN and the origin of our universe
cern_atlas-thumb.jpgLed by Physics Professor Ryszard Stroynowski, SMU physics researchers belong to the global consortium of scientists investigating the origins of our universe by monitoring high-speed sub-atomic particle collisions at CERN, the world’s largest physics experiment.

Compounds to fight neurodegenerative diseases
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Synthetic organic chemist and Chemistry Professor Edward Biehl leads a team developing organic compounds for possible treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s. Preliminary investigation of one compound found it was extremely potent as a strong, nontoxic neuroprotector in mice.

Hunting dark matter
Dark%20matterthumb.jpgAssistant Professor of Physics Jodi Cooley belongs to a high-profile international team of experimental particle physicists searching for elusive dark matter — believed to constitute the bulk of the matter in the universe — at an abandoned underground mine in Minnesota, and soon at an even deeper mine in Canada.

Robotic arms for injured war vets
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Electrical Engineering Chairman and Professor Marc Christensen is director of a new $5.6 million center funded by the Department of Defense and industry. The center will develop for war veteran amputees a high-tech robotic arm with fiber-optic connectivity to the brain capable of “feeling” sensations.

Green energy from the Earth’s inner heat
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The SMU Geothermal Laboratory, under Earth Sciences Professor David Blackwell, has identified and mapped U.S. geothermal resources capable of supplying a green source of commercial power generation, including resources that were much larger than expected under coal-rich West Virginia.

Exercise can be magic drug for depression and anxiety
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Psychologist Jasper Smits, director of the Anxiety Research and Treatment Program at SMU, says exercise can help many people with depression and anxiety disorders and should be more widely prescribed by mental health care providers.

The traditional treatments of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy don’t reach everyone who needs them, says Smits, an associate professor of psychology.

Virtual reality “dates” to prevent victimization
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SMU psychologists Ernest Jouriles, Renee McDonald and Lorelei Simpson have partnered with SMU Guildhall in developing an interactive video gaming environment where women on virtual-reality dates can learn and practice assertiveness skills to prevent sexual victimization.

With assertive resistance training, young women have reduced how often they are sexually victimized, the psychologists say.

Controlled drug delivery agents for diabetes
brent-sumerlin.thumb.jpgAssociate Chemistry Professor Brent Sumerlin leads a team of SMU chemistry researchers — including postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate students — who fuse the fields of polymer, organic and biochemistries to develop novel materials with composite properties. Their research includes developing nano-scale polymer particles to deliver insulin to diabetics.

Sumerlin, associate professor of chemistry, was named a 2010-2012 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, which carries a $50,000 national award to support his research.

Human speed
Usain_Bolt_Berlin%2Csmall.jpgAn expert on the locomotion of humans and other terrestrial animals, Associate Professor of Applied Physiology and Biomechanics Peter Weyand has analyzed the biomechanics of world-class athletes Usain Bolt and Oscar Pistorius. His research targets the relationships between muscle function, metabolic energy expenditure, whole body mechanics and performance.

Weyand’s research also looks at why smaller people tire faster. Finding that they have to take more steps to cover the same distance or travel at the same speed, he and other scientists derived an equation that can be used to calculate the energetic cost of walking.

Pacific Ring of Fire volcano monitoring
E_crater1%20thumb.jpgAn SMU team of earth scientists led by Professor and Research Dean James Quick works with the U.S. Geological Survey to monitor volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean’s Ring of Fire near Guam on the Northern Mariana Islands. Their research will help predict and anticipate hazards to the islands, the U.S. military and commercial jets.

The two-year, $250,000 project will use infrasound — in addition to more conventional seismic monitoring — to “listen” for signs a volcano is about to blow.

Reducing anxiety and asthma
Mueret%20thumb.jpgA system of monitoring breathing to reduce CO2 intake is proving useful for reducing the pain of chronic asthma and panic disorder in separate studies by Associate Psychology Professor Thomas Ritz and Assistant Psychology Professor Alicia Meuret.

The two have developed the four-week program to teach asthmatics and those with panic disorder how to better control their condition by changing the way they breathe.

Breast Cancer community engagement
breast%20cancer%20100x80.jpgAssistant Psychology Professor Georita Friersen is working with African-American and Hispanic women in Dallas to address the quality-of-life issues they face surrounding health care, particularly during diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

Friersen also examines health disparities regarding prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among medically underserved women and men.

Paleoclimate in humans’ first environment
Cenozoic%20Africa%20150x120%2C%2072dpi.jpgPaleobotanist and Associate Earth Sciences Professor Bonnie Jacobs researches ancient Africa’s vegetation to better understand the environmental and ecological context in which our ancient human ancestors and other mammals evolved.

Jacobs is part of an international team of researchers who combine independent lines of evidence from various fossil and geochemical sources to reconstruct the prehistoric climate, landscape and ecosystems of Ethiopia in particular. She also identifies and prepares flora fossil discoveries for Ethiopia’s national museum.

Ice Age humans
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Anthropology Professor David Meltzer explores the western Rockies of Colorado to understand the prehistoric Folsom hunters who adapted to high-elevation environments during the Ice Age.

Meltzer, a world-recognized expert on paleoIndians and early human migration from eastern continents to North America, was inducted into the National Academy of Scientists in 2009.

Understanding evolution
Cane%20rate%2C%20Uganda%2C%2020%20mya%20400x300.jpgThe research of paleontologist Alisa WInkler focuses on the systematics, paleobiogeography and paleoecology of fossil mammals, in particular rodents and rabbits.

Her study of prehistoric rodents in East Africa and Texas, such as the portion of jaw fossil pictured, is helping shed more light on human evolution.

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ABC 8: Minnesota mine could yield secrets of the universe to SMU professor

The search for mysterious dark matter at an abandoned mine in Minnesota is the subject of “Minnesota mine could yield secrets of the universe to SMU professor,” which first aired Nov. 24 on WFAA Channel 8 in Dallas.

WFAA reporter Jonathan Betz interviewed SMU scientist Jodi Cooley, an assistant professor of experimental particle physics in the SMU Physics Department.

Cooley is a member of the collaboration on the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment.

The experiment is located deep in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in the abandoned Soudan Underground Mine in a national park in Minnesota.

Cooley was part of a scientific group of experimental particle physicists who earlier reported in the journal Science that they couldn’t rule out that they may have seen a glimpse of dark matter.

Physicists have been searching for dark matter — the substance that makes up most of the matter in the universe — for decades.

Read the full story.

EXCERPT:

By Jonathan Betz
WFAA

SOUDAN, Minnesota — It’s invisible, but people still look for it.
It’s cosmic, but confusing.

We’re talking about “dark matter.” Find it, and it’s worth millions.

For SMU physicists that — and curiosity — make it worth the search.

SMU professor Jodi Cooley tries to teach how the universe works. Still, it’s a subject even she doesn’t fully understand.

“I’ve always been attracted to things that are hard or difficult,” she said. “If people say, ‘It can’t be done,’ I’ve always said, ‘Really? Are you sure? I’m going to go do it!'”

It’s a drive that sends her to extremes.

Twice a year, Professor Cooley embarks on a journey that she hopes will take her to the farthest reaches of the universe.

That quest is by way of Soudan, Minnesota — a four-hour drive north of Minneapolis. It’s a place where the skies open to land untouched by developers, and tiny towns forged a century ago by people working underground.

It’s those old iron mines that now draw the country’s top minds to this remote location.

“We’re on the cutting edge,” Cooley said. “We’re trying things nobody has tried to do.”
Her day starts before the sun rises, traveling deep underground using the same elevator the original miners took in the 1920s.

It’s a bone-rattling three-minute drop in complete darkness, taking Cooley 2,000 feet under the earth’s surface.

And it is a striking case of old meets new, where the most sophisticated technology known to man is found in a mine that was dug in the late 1800s.

Read the full story.

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Science News: SMU’s Cooley hopes dark matter search in Minnesota mine will yield results

The search for mysterious dark matter at an abandoned mine in Minnesota is the subject of “Mining for Missing Matter” in the Aug. 28 issue of Science News.

Journalist Ron Cowen interviewed SMU scientist Jodi Cooley, an assistant professor of experimental particle physics in the SMU Physics Department.

Cooley is a member of a scientific collaboration investigating dark matter, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment. It is located deep in the Soudan Underground Laboratory.

Cooley and her collaborators reported in the journal Science that they couldn’t rule out that they may have seen a glimpse of dark matter.

Physicists have been searching for dark matter — the substance that makes up most of the matter in the universe — for decades.

Cowan writes: ” ‘My hope is that the next generation of experiments will discover dark matter” within the next few years,’ says CDMS II researcher Jodi Cooley of Southern Methodist University in Dallas. After making their initial discovery, researchers could then tailor experiments to unveil dark matter’s detailed nature, she says.”

EXCERPT:

“The workers have journeyed deep into the Earth to plumb the darkest depths of the cosmos, hunting for the missing material believed to account for 83 percent of the universe’s mass.

That material, known as dark matter, must exist, astronomers say, because the cosmic allotment of ordinary, visible matter doesn’t provide enough gravitational glue to hold galaxies together. Although the missing material shouldn’t be any more prevalent in the underworld than above ground, dark matter hunters have good reason to frequent Soudan and other subterranean lairs. Because dark matter particles would interact so weakly, experiments designed to detect the dark stuff could easily be overwhelmed by the cacophony of other particles. So scientists at Soudan and elsewhere use Earth’s crust to filter out cosmic rays — charged particles from space that bombard Earth’s atmosphere.

Physicists have been directly searching for dark matter for more than two decades. But until recently, only one experiment, beneath a mountain in central Italy, had consistently reported evidence of the invisible particles. Now two more experiments have found similar hints. When taken together, the findings suggest that the most popular models for dark matter may not be correct — the particles pegged have a lower mass than many physicists had proposed.

Read the full story

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BBC: Scientists report they may have glimpsed dark matter

09-0120-07D-thumb.jpgA scientific group of experimental particle physicists have reported in the latest issue of the journal Science that they cannot rule out that they may have seen a glimpse of dark matter.

Physicists have been searching for dark matter — the substance that makes up most of the matter in the universe — for decades. Jodi Cooley, an assistant professor of experimental particle physics in the SMU Physics Department, is a member of the collaboration on the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment.

The experiment is located deep in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in an abandoned mine in a national park in Minnesota.

More SMU Research

New Paluxysaurus mount

3D dinosaur track

Hunt for Higgs boson

BBC News reported on the published results in a Feb. 11 article “Study hints at dark matter action” by the BBC’s science reporter Doreen Walton and published to the BBC News web site.

Cooley, quoted in the BBC article, said “Either we had a statistical fluctuation in our background or it could be that these two events are evidence of dark matter but there weren’t enough of them to be sure.”

Excerpt:

By Doreen Walton
BBC News
Researchers in the U.S. say they have detected two signals which could possibly indicate the presence of particles of dark matter.

But the study in Science journal reports the statistical likelihood of a detection of dark matter as 23 percent.

Deep underground in a lab in Minnesota experiments to detect WIMPS, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles have been going on since 2003. Scientists are currently developing an even more sensitive experiment.

“It’s a very difficult situation,” said Professor Jodi Cooley from Southern Methodist University, Dallas in the U.S., who led the research. “In some ways I feel we’ve been very unlucky.

“Either we had a statistical fluctuation in our background or it could be that these two events are evidence of dark matter but there weren’t enough of them to be sure. We can’t rule them out as being a signal but we can’t conclude that they are a signal.”

Read “Study hints at dark matter action

The scientific findings were published in the journal Science on Feb. 11, “Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment.”

Excerpt:
Astrophysical observations indicate that dark matter constitutes most of the mass in our universe, but its nature remains unknown. Over the past decade, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment has provided world-leading sensitivity for the direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter. The final exposure of our low-temperature Ge particle detectors at the Soudan Underground Laboratory yielded two candidate events, with an expected background of 0.9 – 0.2 events. This is not statistically significant evidence for a WIMP signal.

Click to read the full abstract.

Cooley and her colleagues earlier announced the groundbreaking CDMS findings at dual press conferences on Dec. 17. The team, known as the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, hosted simultaneous talks by Cooley at the SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory in California and by Lauren Hsu of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois at Fermilab.

Scientists of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment are listening for whispers of dark matter. Inspired by his brother Erik’s research, musician Karl Ramberg built a musical model of the CDMS detector, in collaboration with CDMS scientists. Erik Ramberg and Priscilla Cushman translated real CDMS data into a format that accurately converts the energy, location and type of particles striking the CDMS detectors into sound and light. Cushman created this 5-minute video.

Related links:
CDMS: Lay explanation of the research findings

Video: Jodi Cooley at SLAC

Jodi Cooley

SMU CDMS home page

Symmetry Magazine: Dark Matter Experiment Results Announced

Fermilab: Dark matter and supersymmetry FAQ

Fermilab images: Cryogenic Dark Matter Search

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

CERN: Recipe for a Universe

Nobel Prize: Why is there something instead of nothing?

Fermilab: Dark Universe Debate

SMU Department of Physics