Simmons researcher Lindsay Ludlow and Professor Peter Weyand have determined that leading standards for measuring calories burned during walking are inaccurate, and they have calculated a more precise method of measurement.
Their study, Energy expenditure during level human walking: seeking a simple and accurate predictive solution is in the Journal of Applied Physiology, published in the March 1, 2016 issue, and available online at this link. For more on their research, read here.